It was first settled by Milesians (6th century) at Panticapaeum, which later became the capital. Gradually the kingdom grew to include all of the Crimea. Other cities of the kingdom include, in the west, Theodosia, Nymphaeum, Myrmecium, Tiritace, Porthmium, Iluratum, Cimmericum, Cytae; in the east, Hermonassa, Gorgippia, Cepi, Patraeus, Tyrambe, Toricus.
A union of city-sates known the Kingdom of Bosporus was divided into two parts, European and Asian, by the Kerch Strait, which connects the Sea of Azov with the Black Sea.
The generally accepted date for the establishment of the Greek Bosporan kingdom is c. 480 BC, the event interpreted as Greek cities coming together under Panticapaeum to withstand Scythian pressure.
The kingdom maintained close ties with Athens on the 5th - 3rd century BC, reaching the peak of its peak in the 4th century BC.
During its peak, they were crucial suppliers of grain and other consumer goods for many cities of Greece and Asia Minor.
They maintained a close contact with local tribes, had economic and cultural impact on them, helped erode the patrimonial system, development of ownership-related differentiation, and establishment of class relations.
After the death of the last Spartocid (190 BC), the Bosporan kingdom became part of the Pontic Empire of Mithradates VI Eupator. With Roman expansion into the Black Sea, the kingdom fell into the Roman in 63 BC orbit ruled by Roman client kings.
Kingdom of Bosporus
